1. The switch establishes a mapping between the address and the port of the switch according to the source MAC address in the received data frame, and writes it into the MAC address table.
2. The switch compares the destination MAC address in the data frame with the established MAC address table to determine which port to forward.
3. If the destination MAC address in the data frame is not in the MAC address table, forward it to all ports. This process is called flooding.
4. Broadcast frames and multicast frames are forwarded to all ports.
